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Page Index: Anatomy |Proximal Femoral Fracture | Garden classification | Intracapsular or Extracapsular |Â
Pelvis: AP
Pelvis: AP
11. Ischial tuberosity
12. Symphysis pubis
13. Coccyx
14. Femur
15. Lesser trochanter
16. Greater trochanter
17. Femoral neck
18. Femoral head
19.Acetabulum
Normal: Hip AP
Normal: Hip AP
Normal: Hip Lateral
Normal: Hip Lateral
1. Iliac crest 2. Posterior superior iliac spine 3. Ilium 4. Anterior sacral foramina 5. Sacroiliac joint 6. Sacral Arcuate lines 7. Anterior superior iliac spine 8. Anterior inferior iliac spine 9. Ischial spine 10. Superior pubic ramus 11. Obturator foramen 12. Inferior pubic ramus 13. Ischial tuberosity 14. Symphysis pubis 15. Coccyx 16. Femur 17. Lesser trochanter 18. Greater trochanter 19. Femoral neck 20. Femoral head 21. Acetabulum 22. Fovea centralis 23. Koehler's teardrop 24. Psoas fat pad 25. Intertrochanteric crest 26. Gluteal fat pad
Normal:Â Iliac obliqueÂ
Normal:Â Iliac obliqueÂ
1. Ilioischial line (posterior column) 2. Anterior acetabular wall 3. Roof of acetabulum 4. Iliac crest
Normal: Obturator oblique view
Normal: Obturator oblique view
1. iliopectineal line 2. posterior acetabular wall 3. acetabular roof 4. obturator foramen
Normal: Acetabular view
Normal: Acetabular view
▫️ILIOPECTINEAL LINE: disruption can mean an ANTERIOR column acetabular fracture
▫️ILIOISCHIAL LINE: disruption can mean a POSTERIOR column fracture
▫️SHENTON’S LINE: disruption can mean a neck of femur fracture
1. Anterior acetabular wall. 2. Posterior acetabular wall. 3. Acetabular roof. 4. Iliopectineal line. 5. Ilioischial line. 6. Radiographic U (Tear drop).
Proximal Femoral Fracture
Proximal Femoral Fracture
Proximal femoral fractures can be described based on their location into four groups:
head fracture (blue)
neck fracture (light blue)
trochanteric fracture (red)
subtrochanteric fracture (orange)
Proximal femoral fractures can be described based on their location into four groups: head and neck fractures are intracapsular; trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures - the latter extends 5 cm below the lesser trochanter - are extracapsular
Subcapital fractures graded by the Garden classification
Subcapital fractures graded by the Garden classification
Type 1 - Nondisplaced - Incomplete, nondisplaced, including valgus impacted fractures
Type 2 - Nondisplaced - Complete, nondisplaced
Type 3 - Displaced - Complete, incompletely displaced
Type 4 - Displaced - Complete, completely displaced
Intracapsular or Extracapsular
Intracapsular or Extracapsular
Disruption of blood supply to the femoral head is dependent on the type of fracture and causes significant morbidity, the diagnosis and classification of these fractures is important. There are three types:
Subcapital and transcervical fractures are considered intracapsular fractures. While there is disagreement in the literature as to whether basicervical fractures are truly intracapsular or extracapsular, they should usually be treated like extracapsular fractures.
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